Political philosophy

Hannah Arendt

1906 – 1975

Action is unpredictable and irreversible, and its remedies are not control but promise and forgiveness. A sober account of what shaping can and cannot claim.

Read alongside: Shape

Start with
The Human Condition (1958)
Where they resist the book
Arendt distinguishes action sharply from work and labour, and would resist most of what organisations call action.

Works worth the time

The Human Condition · 1958

Action as unpredictable and irreversible, with promise and forgiveness as its only remedies.

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Read further

Where Arendt appears

IV. ShapePhilosophy

Judgement is a virtue, not a procedure.

Aristotle's phronesis is practical wisdom: knowing what this situation asks, which no rule can supply in advance. Arendt insists that action is unpredictable and irreversible, and that its remedy is not control but promise and forgiveness. MacIntyre supplies the word the book leans on — practice, with standards internal to it.